A new study delivered by the Alliance for American Manufacturing (AAM) finds 18,000 jobs are produced for every $1 billion in new infrastructure spending, and can help help revitalize the domestic manufacturing base.
As President-elect Barack Obama and the new Congress consider how to craft an effective economic stimulus package, a new study released by the Alliance for American Manufacturing (AAM) outlines how investment in the nation’s infrastructure is the most effective approach to creating new jobs that could be included in such a stimulus.
Roughly 18,000 new jobs would be created for every $1 billion in new infrastructure spending on the nation’s transportation, energy, water systems, and public schools.
The report, undertaken for AAM by a team of researchers at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst’s Political Economy Research Institute (PERI), found that at least 2.6 million new jobs could be created by increased spending in a “high-end” scenario of $148 billion per year (including $93 billion in public investment).
While the construction and service industries will see the vast majority of job creation, manufacturing—which has been devastated by the current economic crisis—also would benefit from such an infrastructure stimulus, seeing an increase of 252,000 jobs nationally.
The benefits for manufacturing would be felt throughout the economy, with new jobs created in such industries as fabricated metals (38,000); concrete and cement (21,000); glass-rubber-plastics (15,000); steel (9,000); and wood products (8,200).
The report says manufacturing employment gains from such an infrastructure program could be improved significantly if the percentage of U.S.-made material inputs were increased. Simply put, a higher share of domestically produced supplies would have a significant impact in terms of generating new manufacturing jobs.
Utilizing 100 percent of domestically produced inputs for infrastructure projects would yield a total of 77,000 additional jobs nationally. Manufacturing would account for a significant 69,000 of that increase, a 33% jump in total manufacturing jobs generated.
“The nation is confronted today by the worst economic downturn in decades and a deteriorating infrastructure,” says Leo W. Gerard, president of the United Steelworkers (USW). “We need to immediately address both problems. By making major investments to repair and upgrade our infrastructure, we will create much needed, good-paying jobs that will help to get the economy back on track. America too must have its own capacity to produce the infrastructure materials we need.”
Cleaning up the economy
As noted by the report’s authors, James Heintz, Robert Pollin, and Heidi Garrett-Peltier of the University of Massachusetts-Amherst’s Political Economy Research Institute (PERI), “Public investment makes substantial contributions in terms of employment, economic growth, trade competitiveness, and essential services to the U.S. population. Such investments also can become a key driver in building a clean-energy economy.”
Adds Pollin, “The public infrastructure portion of this program would also increase private sector growth by about $80 billion per year, which amounts to a productivity dividend of about $260 per year for every U.S. resident.”
Under such a scenario, the nation would simultaneously be addressing its tremendous infrastructure needs while creating new jobs across various industries. As the report notes, public investment in infrastructure has fallen sharply since 1980, resulting in the recent deterioration of various parts of the nation’s public infrastructure. Crumbling roads and bridges, antiquated and unsafe schools– all are part of a vast “infrastructure deficit” that the nation now faces.
“The focus of any stimulus program must be on creating jobs here at home,” says Scott Paul, executive director of AAM. “American taxpayers want to see their hard-earned money used to put fellow citizens back to work. “This report documents how greater infrastructure spending is the most effective way to generate employment in the U.S. It will attack the gross deficiencies in our nation’s infrastructure and contribute to longer-term economic growth, particularly for our manufacturing base.”
In contrast to an infrastructure spending program, the report notes that competing stimulus proposals, such as tax cuts, would create, at best, only 14,000 jobs per $1 billion in spending. This means 22 percent less jobs would result from a tax-based stimulus than from infrastructure spending. This is primarily because households spend a greater share of their income on imports. Two scenarios The researchers outlined two scenarios for increased infrastructure spending. A “baseline scenario,” which would simply meet basic needs, would require $87 billion in additional spending per year and create 1.6 million new jobs. A “high-end scenario,” which would accelerate rebuilding and address serious unmet needs, would require about $148 billion in new spending from the public and private sectors and create about 2.6 million new jobs.
The “high-end scenario” the report outlines would help fill the gap left by years of inadequate investment. Today, for example, only 44 percent of the nation’s roads are in “good condition,” and 26.7 percent of bridges are “structurally deficient,” while 13.6 percent are “functionally obsolete,” according to the U.S. Department of Transportation. Mass transit investments would need to increase by $3.2 billion a year just to maintain current operating systems. By 2020, 80 percent of the locks on the nation’s waterways will be functionally obsolete. And the Corps of Engineers has identified 122 levees that need additional maintenance and repair.
The accelerated approach would create about one million new jobs in construction, 252,000 in manufacturing, and most of the rest in service industries. The 2.6 million new jobs created this year would reduce December 2008’s unemployment rate from 7.2 percent to 5.5 percent.
Expanded infrastructure investments would have significant benefits for the private sector, beyond improving productivity and overall economic growth. Sustained over time, for example, it would raise the annual growth rate of manufacturing by nearly one percentage point and would contribute to the nation’s gross domestic product.
Editor’s note:
The Alliance for American Manufacturing is a nonpartisan, nonprofit partnership of several leading U.S. manufacturers and the United Steelworkers . The full report— How Infrastructure Investments support the U.S. Economy: Employment, Productivity and Growth —is available here .
